Step 1 - set a budget.
$200 is kind of the low end unless you're willing to go with stuff more than 10 years old or you have some friends donate or give great deals on old stuff. But $500 can get you a really great fairly modern full set of clubs. They drop in value as quickly as cars.
Now if you have the cash and you feel confident you will stick with it, brand new clubs are very fun. But a whole bag of brand new current model stuff is pretty much always going to cost $1,500+. There are box sets for like $300-500, but personally I would always advise used over a new box set. The driver is the best place to save money going used or outgoing model. Followed by irons. But if you want to get one thing brand new and the rest used, I'd go for irons. For used clubs, play it again, golf stores have used sections, facebook market place, craigslist, etc are all great resources. No shortage of clubs out there.
Step 2 - Decide if you really need a full set. You'd be surprised how many places you can play well with just a set of irons and wedges. If you can hit a 4 iron/hybrid 180-200 yards decently constantly, you can reach pretty much any par 5 in 3 strokes. I have to remind myself when I'm not playing well that a driver into the woods is a harder shot into a par 4 when I can take a 6 iron and an 8 iron to get there in an easy 2 on a normal par 4. Everyone loves the driver, but you really don't need it if you can hit irons with very average distances.
Step 3 - Bag. This is one area I think is worth spending money for new if you've got it. You can certainly find decent ones used, especially on local craigslist/facebook markets. Get a carry stand bag. I have so many friends who get bigger bags when they start, and regret quickly. Even if they never walk, just lugging a big bag with a single strap from the car to the cart can be pain. Look at the layouts, find what's comfortable, and don't get hung up on the brand.
Step 4 - SHOES! This is often overlooked. Even in a cart, golf is a lot of walking. Spend your money on good shoes. I think a very comfortable pair of cross-trainers is a better investment then an expensive set of golf shoes that you can't walk 3-5 miles in. And that's what you need to keep in mind. If you walk the whole course, you are going on a literal 5+ mile hike. That's worth buying the most comfortable shoes possible.
The unfortunate part of all this is the barrier of entry is unfortunately very high. Once you have clubs, a bag and shoes, you can always resell to trade up. But it's very very hard to really get everything you need for under $400+. It can be done for cheaper, but most people who do either quit quickly or move up within the first 6 months and end up spending more in the first year. Just know that going in. A lot of people get sticker shock, which is understandable.